Biology — Quiz

A spontaneous abortion B atherosclerosis C bladder carcinoma D chronic liver disease

A the Ghon complex is a parenchymal peri-hilar lesion B bacilli establish themselves in sites of low oxygen tension C liquefactive necrosis precedes granuloma formation D Langhans cells occur in coalescent granulomas

A apex B base C hilum D peripherally

A pallor at 24 hours B wavy fibres are found centrally C decreased contractility after 5 minutes D liquefactive necrosis is typical

A diffuse fibrosis B hyperplasia C decreased sarcomeres D increased capillary density

A macrophages B foam cells C leukocytes D smooth muscle cells

A obesity B hyperlipidemia C smoking D hypertension

A is caused by candida albicans B has a better prognosis than other types of endocarditis C does not cause fever D is caused by staph aureus

A as B blatomycosis C as D. candida D candida

A constrictive pericarditis only rarely follows suppurative pericarditis B primary pericarditis is usually bacterial in origin C serous pericarditis may be due to ureamia D haemorrhagic pericarditis is most commonly due to Klebsiella infection

A increased cardiac output B increased systolic filling pressure C increased right atrial pressure D None of These

A has a less than 20 % mortality B is caused by virulent micro-organisms C 30 % is caused bacteria D none of these

A vitamin A deficiency B niacin deficiency C vitamin D deficiency D thiamine deficiency

A occurs commonly in HIV B causes spontaneous bleeding at levels of less than 90,000/mm C occurs with hyposplenism D is related to platelet survival in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

A hypoxia B decreased ATP C increased CO2 D catecholamines acting on alpha 1 receptors

A myocardial ischaemia B arrhythmia C thiamine deficiency D None of these

A 75 % recover with no loss of renal function B is associated with abnormal renin levels C affects 1 to 5 % of sufferers D None of These

A increased renin B increased GFR C increased angiotensin 2 D increased aldosterone

A Curschmann spirals B Ito cells C Aschoff bodies D Nutmeg cells

A causes smooth muscle dilatation B kallikrein causes prohormone degredation to produce bradykinin C both (a) and (b) D None of these

A carbuncles B mucormycosis C all of the above D None of These

A decreased insulin sensitivity B abnormal glucokinase activity C no antibodies found at diagnosis D auto-immune insulitis

A associated organ-specific auto-immune disorders are common B a genetic susceptibility is not supported by evidence C Finnish children have a 70 fold increase compared with Korean children D Influenza and varicella viruses are suspected as initiators of the disease

A the second most common cause is infectious agents B trypsin is implicated as an activator of the kinin system C the chronic form is usually due to gallstones D duct obstruction is not the mechanism in alcoholic pancreatitis

A fat necrosis occurs in other intra-abdominal fatty deposits B trauma is the precipitating cause in 30 % of cases C alcohol is directly toxic to the Islets of Langerhans D Kallikrein converts trypsin to activate the complement system

A Conjugated bilirubin causes kernicterus in adults B Unconjugated bilirubin does not colour sclera C Unconjugated bilirubin is tightly bound to albumin D Unconjugated bilirubin produces bilirubin in urine

A fibrosis is confined to the delicate bands around central veins B nodularity is uncommon C vascular architecture is preserved D the left lobe of the liver is most affected

A occur in one third of all cirrhosis patients B account for more than 50 % of episodes of haematemesis C are most often associated with hepatitis C cirrhosis D have a 40 % mortality during the first episode of rupture

A cephalosporins are not a causative agent B nephrotoxic causes are associated with a poor prognosis C casts are found in the loop of Henle D rhabdomyolysis is not a cause

A it is associated with hyperkalemia not hypokalemia in recovery B non-oliguric has a better recovery C it is associated with ischaemic cortical cells D 80 % are associated with anuria

A maintenance stage with polyuria B predominantly proximal necrosis C intact basement membranes D tubular cast obstruction

A it is irreversible B one loses the ability to concentrate urine C urine has a high sodium concentration D the urine is hyperosmolar

A presence of hypercalcemia implies renal insufficiency B a patient with leukemia is likely to make cystine calculi C calcium is the major component of 35% of calculi D struvite stones are made up of magnesium-ammonium-phosphate

A 85 % of infections are caused by G-ve bacteria B uretral obstruction makes haematogenous infection less likely C infection is less likely during pregnancy D papillary necrosis and perinephric abscess are common seqelae

A osteoporosis B general obesity C hypotension D All of the above

A Hyperthyroidism B Neoplasm C Folate and B12 deficiency D EBV

A Morphologically resembles osteosarcoma B Resembles the repair process following a muscle tear C both (a) and (b) D None of These

A cretinism B cold intolerance C decreased hair growth D None of These

A SLE B Arthus reaction C Anaphylaxis D Graft rejection

A causes decreased megakaryocytes B stimulates erythropoetin production C causes leukoerythroblastic anaemia D None of these

A medullary B follicular C papillary D anaplastic

A do not incite a paracortical reaction B result from repetitive stresses or abnormal axial loading C both a and b D None of these

A Prostaglandin B Histamine C Leukotriene D Nitric oxide

A Factor V inhibits thrombosis B Alpha 2 microglobulin is antithrombotic C PGI2 favours platelet aggregation D Platelet aggregation is inhibited by von Willebrand factor

A Are the predominant cells in three day old wounds B Are common in liver, spleen and pancreas C Produce fibroblast growth factor D Secrete interferon Y

A Interleukin 1 B von Willebrand factor C Prostacyclin D Factor V

A Neutropaenia B Decreased sleep C Decreased prostaglandin synthesis D Increased collagen synthesis

A von Willebrand factor deficiency B Protein S deficiency C Antithrombin III deficiency D Thrombotic thrombocytopenia

A Baroreceptor reflexes B. D. B Reverse stress-relaxation of vascular smooth muscle C The effects of increased aldosterone secretion D Activation of the renin-angiotensin system

A Adenosine B Neutrophil chemotactic factor C Heparin D Platelet activating factor